Terms, Notes & General Knowledge

A quick reference to perfume structure and common fragrance families.

Perfume Pyramid illustration
The perfume “pyramid”: top, heart, and base notes.

Perfume Pyramid Explained

Notes are the facets you smell as a fragrance develops. They’re grouped into top (head), heart (middle), and base notes. Top notes are bright and fleeting; heart notes form the character; base notes give depth and longevity. Citrus and aromatic notes usually sparkle on top, while woods, balsams, and resins anchor the base—everything else layers in between.

Perfume notes diagram
Perfume concentrations guide
Common fragrance concentrations and their intensity.

Fragrance Families (Quick Reference)

Fresh

Often used as top/middle notes. Great for daytime and summer.

Chamomile, Freesia, Cherry Blossom, Gardenia, Geranium, Hibiscus, Honeysuckle, Hyacinth, Jasmine, Lily of the Valley, Lotus, Magnolia, Neroli, Orange Blossom, Peony, Plumeria, Rose, Tuberose, Violet, Water Lily, Ylang Ylang

Woody

Dry, distinctive; shine in the base.

Bamboo, Birch Tar, Cardamom, Cedarwood, Coriander, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Juniper Berry, Leather, Musk, Myrrh, Nag Champa, Oakmoss, Patchouli, Pine, Rosewood, Teak Wood, Tobacco, Vetiver

Oriental (Amber)

Rich, dominant; ideal for heart & base.

African Musk, Almond, Amber, Benzoin, Black Pepper, Black Tea, Cardamom, Chocolate, Cinnamon, Cloves, Coriander, Ginger Root, Hazelnut, Honey, Musk, Nutmeg, Patchouli, Pink Pepper, Sandalwood, Tonka Bean, Vanilla Bean

Citrus

Sparkling, youthful; pairs well with fruity/fresh.

Aloe Vera, Bergamot, Lemon Zest, Lemongrass, Neroli, Tangerine, Yuzu

Fruity

Fun & light; best as top or heart.

Apple Blossom, Cinnamon, Black Cherry, Blackberry, Black Currant, Blood Orange, Blueberry, Coconut, Cucumber, Fig, Grapefruit, Green Apple, Honeydew, Kiwi, Lemon, Lime, Mango, Orange, Peach, Pear, Pineapple, Pink Grapefruit, Pomegranate, Pumpkin Spice, Raspberry, Strawberry, Watermelon, White Tea